Seed planter performance monitor

ABSTRACT

A performance monitor for a seed planting implement is disclosed herein. The monitor is preferably used with a planting system including a planting implement coupled to a tractor. The target rate at which seed is planted by the implement in the soil of an agricultural field is controlled based upon a control signal. The actual seed planting rate is monitored using an optical seed sensor supported by the implement at a location where seed exits the implement. The implement and tractor include data busses linked to each other, and signals from the seed sensors are transmitted to a controller on the tractor via the busses. The controller applies a display signal to an electronic display located in the tractor&#39;s cab to produce an image which an operator can view to determine the actual seed application rate. The image also shows the target seed application rate to allow the operator to compare actual and target rates to determine whether the implement needs to be adjusted or repaired to eliminate or reduce any deviation in rates. Seed application rates for each section of a multiple-section implement can be displayed sequentially for efficient use of the display, with the rate for each row unit also being displayed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to monitoring the actual performance of a selected function of an agricultural system. In particular, the invention relates to monitoring the actual seed planting rates in a planting implement and displaying the actual planting rates for viewing by the operator of the implement.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Planting implements such as planters and drills are used for planting seed in agricultural fields. Planting implements include a frame having one or more sections. Each section supports multiple row units configured to apply seeds to a field as the implement is pulled across the field by an agricultural vehicle (e.g., a wheeled or tracked tractor). Seeds are stored in a seed bin mounted on or pulled behind the implement. Planters and drills often include additional systems for applying granular or liquid fertilizer, insecticide or herbicide to the field.

Planters include meters configured to dispense or meter individual seeds to row units. In contrast, drills use fluted rolls to meter a mass or volume of seed. The metering and placement accuracy is typically higher for planters than drills. Seeds of crops (e.g., corn) which require relatively accurate metering and placement for efficient growth are typically planted using planters, and seeds of crop which grow efficiently in more varied environments (e.g., oats; wheat) are planted by less accurate and less expensive drills.

Many planters and drills are made by Case Corp., the assignee of this invention. For example, the 955 Series EARLY RISER CYCLO AIR® Planters have central-fill seed bins for storing seed, pressurized air metering systems including cyclo seed drums for metering seed, and air distribution systems for delivering the metered seed to the row units. Planters in this series plant different numbers of rows at different row widths. For example, a 12/23 Solid Row Crop (SRC) Cyclo Planter plants 23 narrow rows or 12 wide rows when every other row unit is locked up. Drills made by Case Corp. include the 5300, 5400, 5500, 7100 and 7200 drills which include different numbers of openers, opener spacings and seeding widths. The 5500 Soybean Special Grain Drill, for example, includes 24 openers, 5 inch spacings and a 30 foot width.

Planting implements such as those described above may be equipped with variable-rate controllers permitting the operator to plant seed at target seed planting rates. Such implements may further be equipped with monitors, whether integral with or separate from the controllers, for displaying theoretical or estimated planting rates. An example of such a controller is available on the 955 Series Planters discussed above, and examples of such monitors are the Seed Flow II and Early Riser monitors sold by Case Corp. The seed planting rates are estimated because the above-described controllers and monitors do not include mechanisms or systems to count the seeds actually planted. Rather, the rates are estimated based upon known parameters such as the meter constant (i.e., seeds per metering drum revolution), meter rotation speed, row width and distance traveled.

However, depending on the condition and adjustments of the planting implement, estimated seed planting rates may deviate substantially from the actual planting rates. For example, operator adjustments to 955 Series Planters which may cause errors between estimated and actual seed planting rates include: the pressure setting of the cyclo air metering and distribution systems; the setting of a seed cutoff brush which removes seed from seed pockets in the drum; the height of a seed chute extension affecting the level of seed in the drum; and the height of a leveling bar ensuring uniform distribution of seed across the bottom of the seed drum on hilly terrain. Accuracy may also be impaired by partial or total blockages of the tubes which deliver seeds from the drum to the row units.

To alert the operator to conditions causing errors between the desired and actual seed planting rates, it would be desirable to provide a planting implement having a system for monitoring the actual seed planting rates by counting seeds actually planted, and for displaying data representative of such planting rates. It would also be desirable to display the performance monitoring data in a format easily understood by the operator for determining whether the implement is operating at an actual planting rate consistent with the desired planting rate. It would further be desirable to monitor and display such data for different sections or row units of an implement. Display of such data by section or row unit would be particularly desirable for variable-rate planting implements wherein commanded application rates vary by section or row unit. For sections having multiple row units, it would also be desirable to display average performance monitor data for the row units in each section. Based on such displayed data, the operator can make appropriate adjustments or repairs to the planting implement to minimize deviations between the actual and desired seed planting rates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the invention provides a material distribution system for selectively applying material to the soil of an agricultural field. The system includes a tractor, an implement moved by the tractor across the field, and a metering device for metering material. The metering device includes a channel having an exit through which metered material passes before being applied. An electronic sensor generates a signal representing the amount of material which moves through the channel. A digital processing circuit monitors the material signal, determines an actual material application rate based upon the amount of material moved and the distance traveled while the material signal was monitored, and applies a display signal to an electronic display to generate an image representing the actual material application rate.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a performance monitor system for a planting arrangement including an operator station such as a cab, a seed delivery apparatus with a target seed delivery rate controlled by a control signal, and a channel with an exit through which seeds move toward the soil. A seed sensor generates a signal representing the number of seeds moved through the channel. A processing circuit monitors the seed signal, determines an actual seed delivery rate based on the number of seeds moved and distance traveled while the seed signal was monitored, and applies a display signal to a display to generate an image representing the actual seed delivery rate.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a performance monitor system for a planting implement with sections which each include a delivery apparatus with a target seed delivery rate controlled by a control signal and a channel to deliver seeds to a row unit. The system includes a sensor to generate a seed signal representing the number of seeds moving through the channel coupled to the sensor, a display in the operator station (e.g., cab) for generating images in response to display signals, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit monitors the seed signal from each sensor, determines the actual seed delivery rate for each sensor based upon the number of seeds and the distance traveled while each seed signal was monitored and applies a display signal to the display to generate an image for each section which represents the actual seed delivery rate through the seed channel of the respective section.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a method to monitor performance of a planting implement. The implement includes a seed delivery system having a target seed delivery rate controlled by a control signal, and a seed channel having an exit through which seeds move toward the soil. The method includes applying the control signal to the seed delivery system to control the target seed delivery rate, sensing the number of seeds moving through the seed channel and generating a signal representative thereof, monitoring the sensed seed signal to determine an actual seed delivery rate based upon the number of seeds moved and the distance traveled while the seeds were delivered to the field, generating a display signal representative of the actual seed delivery rate, and applying the display signal to a display to generate an image representing the actual seed delivery rate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, in which:

FIG. 1 is a top view of a planting implement such as a 12/23 SRC Cyclo Planter;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a section of the planting implement of FIG. 1 which includes eight row units and a cyclo seed metering device configured to meter seed and deliver the metered seed to the row units;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the control system for an agricultural vehicle and the planting implement of FIG. 1 which includes vehicle and implement data busses;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the cab display unit (CDU) of FIG. 3, and the interfaces between the CDU and other components of the control system;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the monitor interface unit (MIU) of FIG. 3, and the interfaces between the MIU and other components of the control system;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a control system for the planting implement of FIG. 1 including an MIU for monitoring seed rate sensors coupled to the row units;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a control system useable with a drill planter which includes an MIU for monitoring seed rate sensors coupled to the row units;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of one multi-channel controller (MCC) of FIG. 3, and the interfaces between the MCC and other components of the control system;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a control system for the planting implement of FIG. 1 which further includes local MCCs to control the planting rates of each section;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a control system for the drill as in FIG. 7 which further includes local MCCs to control the seed planting rates of each section; and

FIGS. 11a-11c show a sequence of CDU display screens allowing the operator to monitor the performance of each section and row unit of the implement, and to determine whether each section and row unit is planting seed at an actual rate consistent with a desired seed planting rate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, a planting implement 10 (e.g., a 12/23 SRC Cyclo Planter) includes a support structure such as a frame 12, row units 14 mounted beneath frame 12, and seed modules 16 supported by frame 12. Frame 12 includes a middle section 18, wing sections 20 on either side of section 18, and a drawbar 22 extending forward from section 18. Wing sections 20 rotate inwardly to drawbar 22 to decrease implement width during transport. A hitch having an eye 24 attached to drawbar 22 connect to an agricultural vehicle such as a tractor (102 in FIG. 3). Twenty-three row units 14 are configured to plant seed in 23 rows of a field with all row units 14 down, or in 12 rows with every other row unit 14 locked up. Each module 16 meters seeds for row units 14 of one section. For example, the sections in FIG. 1 include 7, 8 and 8 row units 14, respectively, from left to right. Metered seeds are delivered through seed tubes (30 in FIG. 2) from modules 16 to row units 14. Bins 25 storing other products (e.g., fertilizer, insecticide or herbicide), and metering devices therefore, are also supported by frame 12. Markers attached to either side 26 of frame 12 mark the centerline of the next pass through a field.

Referring to FIG. 2, one section of implement 10 includes eight row units 14, a seed module 16 mounted on frame 12, and seed tubes 30 for moving seed from module 16 to row units 14. Seed module 16 includes a cyclo seed meter 32 for metering or singulating seed and to deliver the metered seed to row units 14. Cyclo seed meter 32 includes a perforated drum 34 secured by a shaft 36 to a hydraulic motor 38. The holes in drum 34 are arranged in circumferentially-spaced rows (e.g., 8 rows for an 8-row planter), with each row having a plurality of holes with diameters smaller than the seed being planted. The drum arrangement depends on the type of seed, and a line of interchangeable drums is made by Case Corp. A seed bin 40 stores the seed being planted. A hydraulic blower includes a hydraulic motor 42 and a fan 44 to provide pressurized air to bin 40 and to drum 34. Seeds move from bin 40 to drum 34 via a seed chute (not shown) with the aid of higher air pressure in bin 40 than drum 34.

During operation, blower 42-44 pressurizes drum 34 to create an air pressure differential above atmospheric, but lower than the air pressure in bin 40. As motor 38 rotates drum 34, the differential causes each hole to pick up one seed at the bottom of drum 34, and to retain the picked-up seed against the hole as drum 34 rotates. After further rotation moves the retained seeds above a manifold defined by openings of seed tubes 30 adjacent to drum 34, the holes are plugged by release wheels (not shown) external to drum 34 to eliminate the forces which retain the seeds and cause the seeds to drop into tubes 30. The seeds are pushed by a cushion of pressurized air through seed tubes 30 to row units 14 to be planted. A press wheel 46 compresses the soil over the planted seed.

The seed application rates depend upon ground speed and the rotation rate of drum 34. A constant application rate is obtained by driving shaft 36 via a transmission (not shown) coupled to the implement wheels. A variable application rate is obtained by controlling the rotation rate of drum 34 as a function of the ground speed (e.g., measured using implement wheel speed sensor 302 in FIG. 6) and a commanded application rate. A valve assembly (not shown) supplies pressurized hydraulic fluid to motor 38 to rotate shaft 36 at a variable rate in response to rate control signals applied to the valve assembly.

Referring to FIG. 3, a control system 100 controls planting implement 10 (e.g., a planter or drill) as it is pulled across a field by vehicle 102. Control system 100 includes electronic control units (ECUs) in communication with each other across a vehicle data bus 104. Vehicle data bus 104 includes a tractor bus segment 106 to pass data throughout vehicle 102, and an implement bus segment 108 to communicate between vehicle 102 and implement 10. Bidirectional data passes between busses 106 and 108 via a network interconnection ECU 110 (e.g., a gateway). Bus 104 preferably conforms to the "Recommended Practice for a Serial Control and Communications Vehicle Network" (SAE J-1939) which uses Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for low-layer communications. ECU 110 performs network functions as described in the Network Layer specification of J-1939 by acting as a repeater for forwarding messages between segments 106 and 108, a bridge for filtering out messages not needed by the receiving segment, a message router for remapping addresses and a gateway to repackage messages for increased efficiency. Other bus formats, however, may also be used and ECU 110 may perform all or only a subset of the above-listed network functions.

Other ECUs coupled to tractor bus 106 include an armrest control unit (ARU) 112, instrument cluster unit (ICU) 114, auxiliary valve control unit (AUX) 116, electronic draft control unit (EDC) 118, transmission control unit (TCU) 120, power take-off control unit (PTO) 122, and engine governor control unit (GOV) 124. ICU 114 receives signals from a true ground speed sensor 126 (e.g., a radar) mounted to the body of vehicle 102. Ground speed sensor 126 (e.g., a radar) may also be in direct communication with a cab-mounted display unit (CDU) 140. A service tool 130 can be coupled to busses 106 and 108 via a diagnostic connector 132 for use during diagnostics and maintenance.

The ECUs coupled to tractor bus 106 are illustrative and other control units such as a tractor performance monitor control unit or steering control unit could also be connected to bus 106. Further, the use of gateway 110 for communications between busses 106 and 108 allows a higher level of integration in tractors equipped with a tractor data bus. However, implement bus 108 and its associated ECUs may also be used to control implements pulled by other tractors which have no tractor data bus.

Implement bus 108 includes first and second segments 134 and 136 coupled via a connector 138 at the rear of vehicle 102. Segment 134 passes through vehicle 102 and segment 136 provides a communication pathway to implement 10. Thus, implement bus 108 reduces wiring needs between implement 10 and vehicle 102. Besides gateway ECU 110, ECUs coupled to segment 134 include cab-mounted display unit (CDU) 140. CDU 140 provides an operator interface, a serial interface (e.g., RS-232) to receive positioning signals from a DGPS receiver 142, and an interface for a memory card 144 (e.g., a PCMCIA card). Receiver 142 receives GPS and DGPS signals from antennas 146 and 148. Memory card 144 transfers geo-referenced map data (e.g., prescription and application rate maps defined by GIS or Global Information System databases) between control system 100 and an external computer 150. Prescription maps include application rate commands, and application rate maps record actual (i.e., sensed) application rates.

ECUs coupled to segment 136 of implement bus 108 are mounted to frame 12 of implement 10. These ECUs include a monitor interface unit (MIU) 152 and one or more multichannel control units (MCCs) 154. Each implement section typically includes one "local" MCC 154 to control product application rates. MIU 152 monitors application rates of products (e.g., seeds) to rows and other parameters (e.g., bin level, ground speed, wheel speed, meter pressure) based on signals generated by monitoring sensors 156, implement status devices 158 and a wheel speed sensor 128 (e.g., inductance magnetic pickup sensor) coupled to the vehicle's wheels. MIU 152 also receives global commands from CDU 140 via bus 108, generates global control signals using the global commands, and applies the global control signals to global output devices 160 to perform global implement functions (e.g., lighting, frame, marker control). MCCs 154 receive local product application rate commands from CDU 140 based on signals generated by application sensors 161, generate local control signals for local product metering devices 162, and apply the local control signals to metering devices 162. Further, MCCs 154 may generate control signals for a variety or type switch 164 which selects the variety or type of farming inputs applied. MCCs 154 may also generate control signals for a section control switch 165 which selects which sections are enabled or disabled.

Referring to FIG. 4, CDU 140 is an ECU mounted in the cab of vehicle 102. CDU 140 includes a display unit 200 including a touch screen 202 (e.g., a TFT 10.4" color display with digital touch screen), system touch screen switches 204, reconfigurable touch screen switches 206 and system reset switch 208. A 1/2 VGA monochrome DMTN display with LED backlighting could also be used. CDU 140 has interfaces 210-224 for implement bus 108, a remote keypad 226, DGPS receiver 142, digital inputs (e.g., an in-cab remote switch 228), frequency inputs such as radar 126, memory card 144 and tractor bus 106. CDU 140 includes an audible alarm 230. A processor (e.g., ARM LH74610 RISC processor) coupled to memory circuits (e.g., RAM, EEPROM, Flash EPROM) provides control for CDU 140.

Control system 100 can control different planting implement applications. An operator uses touch screen 202 to navigate and perform common functions within each application. System touch screen switches 204 include a MODE switch for toggling between applications, a CALIBRATE switch for performing configuration and calibration functions, and a UTILITY switch for performing file transfers on card 144. Touch screen switches 206 select between items on reconfigurable menus to control the operations of control system 100. Reset switch 208 resets control system 100. Remote keypad 226, mounted via a cable near the operator when CDU 140 is mounted elsewhere in the cab, duplicates touch screen switches 206. In-cab remote switch 228 allows the operator to remotely start and stop product metering. Alarm 230 is used to alert the operator to error and alarm conditions.

Both global and local operations of implement 10 are controlled by actuations of touch screen switches 204-206. The global functions include lighting control (e.g., turning on and off lights attached to frame 12), frame control (e.g., raising and lowering frame 12; folding and unfolding wings 20) and marker control (e.g., alternately raising and lowering markers attached to both sides 26 of frame 12 to mark the centerline of the next pass). Actuations needed to control the global functions depend on the particular implement. When switch actuations relate to lighting, frame or marker control, CDU 140 generates global command signals which are communicated to MIU 152 via bus 108 for controlling global output devices 160.

The local implement functions include variable-rate application of products to a field. Touch screen switches 204-206 are actuated to control the rates in a manual or an automatic mode. In manual mode, the actuations set, increase or decrease the desired application rates for one or more products applied by each section. In automatic mode, the actuations select between one or more prescription maps stored on card 144. The maps include geo-referenced data representing desired application rates of one or more products at positions throughout a field. Desired rates are determined, for example, off-line using computer 150. The selected maps are indexed using positioning signals received by DGPS receiver 142 to determine the desired application rates which are then used to generate local product rate commands transmitted to MCCs 154.

Referring to FIG. 5, MIU 152 is an ECU supported on frame 12 which includes interfaces 250-262 for implement bus 108, frame/marker outputs 264 (e.g., markers; wings 20), lighting outputs 266, frequency inputs 268, digital inputs 270, analog inputs 272 and sensor bus 274. MIU 152 is connected in control system 100 as shown below. Sensor bus 274 is coupled to seed rate sensors 276, a blockage module 278 coupled to blockage sensors 280, and a gateway module 282. Optical seed rate sensors 276 detect seeds passing through seed tubes 30 to row units 14. Module 282 receives signals from optical bin level sensors 284, a meter speed sensor 286, and a bin pressure sensor 288. Signals from bin level sensors 284 indicate when bins 40 of modules 16 are 75% full, 50% full, 25% full, and Empty. Sensor bus 274 is preferably an RS-485 network as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,911, herein incorporated by reference. MIU 152 is controlled by a processor (e.g., an AN80C196CB) coupled to memory (e.g., RAM, EEPROM, Flash EPROM).

Control system 100 is a modular application control system which can be upgraded with additional controllers for expanded functionality. Initially, control system 100 includes CDU 140, implement bus 108 and MIU 152 which provide monitoring and global control functions. In the initial system, product application rates are controlled conventionally (e.g., by driving product metering devices using gears coupled to the implement wheels). FIGS. 6-7 show control system 100 in embodiments which provide for monitoring and global control functions for implements. Control system 100, however, can later be upgraded with MCCs 154 to provide variable-rate control. FIGS. 9-10 show upgraded control system 100 for the same implements.

Referring to FIG. 6, control system 100 controls a 12/23 SRC Cyclo Planter implement 10 which includes three sections 300, each supporting multiple (e.g., 7, 8 and 8) row units 14 configured to apply seeds to a field. Seeds are metered by a seed module 16 on each section 300. MIU 152 receives global command signals via bus 108 from CDU 140, and transmits back monitored data. MIU 152 receives speed signals used to calculate seeding data (e.g., area seeded) from a speed sensor 302 coupled to the planter's wheels. MIU 152 also receives signals indicating whether implement 10 is up or down from a status sensor 304. The application of products is disabled when implement 10 is raised, and is enabled with implement 10 down and ground speed above a predetermined value (e.g., 0.22 m/sec).

Sensor bus 274 is connected to a seed rate sensor 276 associated with each row unit 14. MIU 152 monitors seed application rates using signals received from seed rate sensors 276, and sends seed rate data to CDU 140 via bus 108. Bus 274 is also coupled to a gateway module 282 on each section 300 to monitor the status of each seed module 16 using signals received from bin level sensors 284, meter speed sensor 286, and bin pressure sensor 288. MIU 152 transmits meter status to CDU 140. Connectors separate MIU 152, sensors 276 and gateway modules 282.

Referring to FIG. 7, another embodiment of control system 100 is configured to control a conventional 5500 Soybean Special grain drill including two sections 300. Each section 300 supports multiple (e.g., 12 and 12) row units 14 configured to apply seeds to a field. Seeds are metered by a seed module 16 on each section 300. MIU 152 receives global command signals from CDU 140, and returns monitored data. MIU 152 also receives speed signals used to calculate seeding data from sensor 302 coupled to the drill's wheels, and receives signals indicating whether implement 10 is up or down from sensor 304. Application of products is disabled when implement 10 is raised.

Sensor bus 274 connects to a seed rate sensor 276 associated with each row unit 14. MIU 152 monitors seed application rates using signals received from sensors 276, and sends seed rate data to CDU 140. Bus 274 is also coupled to bin level gateway modules 305 which monitor and receive bin level signals from bin level sensors 284 on each section 300. Bin status data is transmitted to CDU 140 and connectors separate MIU 152 and sensors 276 and 284.

Control system 100 may be upgraded by installing a removable MCC 154 on each frame section 300 to provide local variable-rate control. Referring to FIG. 8, each MCC 154 includes interfaces 400-410 for implement bus 108, on/off outputs 412 for driving valves, PWM outputs 414 for driving local product metering devices such as cyclo seed meter 32, frequency inputs 416, digital inputs 418, and analog inputs 420. Connections between MCC 154 and control system 100 are shown below. A processor (e.g., an AN80C196CB) coupled to memory circuits (e.g., RAM, EEPROM, Flash EPROM) provides control for MCC 154.

Referring to FIG. 9, another embodiment of control system 100 further provides variable-rate control of the Cyclo Planter. In contrast to FIG. 6, MCCs 154 control the seed application rates of each section 300 based on rate command signals received from CDU 140 via bus 108. Each MCC 154 converts the rate command signals into PWM control signals which are applied to a cyclo seed meter 32 (i.e., drum) on seed module 16 (e.g., the PWM control signals are applied to a hydraulic valve assembly which regulates the flow of hydraulic fluid to motor 38). MCC 154 receives meter feedback speed signals from seed meter 32, and communicates the meter speed feedback data back to CDU 140 for display. MCC 154 could also use the meter speed feedback signals for closed-loop metering control. 5 Each MCC 154 also applies control signals to bin pressure or material flow sensor 288, receives pressure feedback signals from sensor 288, and communicates bin pressure data back to CDU 140 for display.

Referring to FIG. 10, another embodiment of control system 100 further provides variable-rate control of the conventional drill. In contrast to FIG. 7, MCCs 154 control the rates at which seeds are applied by sections 300 using seed rate command signals received from CDU 140. Each MCC 154 converts the rate command signals into rate control signals which are applied to a seed meter 32 on each seed module 16. MCCs 154 receive feedback speed signals from meter 32, and communicate meter speed data back to CDU 140 for display. MCCs 154 can also use the speed feedback signals for closed-loop metering control.

Referring to FIGS. 11a-11c, control system 100 monitors the actual performance of implement 10 and shows actual performance data to the operator on display 202 of CDU 140. To efficiently use the display, performance data for each section 300 of implement 10 is displayed sequentially. The location of the section 300 for which data is currently being displayed is labeled at reference numeral 500. For example, FIGS. 11a, 11b and 11c display performance data for the left, center and right sections 300, respectively, of the Cyclo Planter of FIGS. 6 and 9. The CDU screens for the drill of FIGS. 7 and 10 sequence between left and right sections 300. The performance of implement 10 is scanned by showing data for each section 300 for a predetermined time period (e.g., 2 sec) before showing data for the next section 300. The sections are continually scanned. However, a touch screen scan switch 502 allows the operator to pause the scan procedure on a selected section 300, and to resume scanning. A second touch screen switch 504 is used to display seed spacing.

The displayed data includes the implement type 506 (e.g., "12/23 Cyclo"), product type 508 (e.g., "A" for product stored in bin A; "B" for product in bin B, etc.), section average rate 510 (e.g., average delivery rate of 29,100 s/acre across row units 14 of the left section), display identification 512 (e.g., "Rate"), implement speed 514 (e.g., "5.2 mph"), bin pressure 516 (e.g., "9.8 oz/si"), bin pressure controls 518 (e.g., "OFF", "+" and "-"), bin level 520, menu bar 522 and bar graph 524.

Implement type 506 may differ since control system 100 can be programmed for use with different implement types. Implement speed 514 is determined using signals from wheel speed sensor 302 (or radar 126). Bin pressure controls 518 provide control over air pressure in module 16. Bin level 520 displays the height of product in one or more bins 40. Alarm 230 alerts the operator when the lowest bin level is reached. Menu bar 522 allows the operator to select the CDU mode, and includes a "MONITOR" touch-screen switch to select performance monitoring.

Based upon the sensed signals, control system 100 calculates and displays performance monitor data such as planting rate (Seed₋₋ Rate), seed spacing (Seed₋₋ Spacing), seed metering performance (Seed₋₋ Meter₋₋ Perf), percent singles metered (%₋₋ Singles₋₋ Metered), and accumulated metering performance (Accumulated₋₋ Meter₋₋ Perf). For each data item, CDU 140 displays a section average and a bar graph visually representing data for each row unit 14.

Planting rate is defined as the actual amount of product (e.g., number of seeds) applied over an area (hectare or acre):

    Seed.sub.-- Rate=Seed.sub.-- Sensor.sub.-- Count/(Distance.sub.-- Traveled*Row.sub.-- Width)

wherein Seed₋₋ Sensor₋₋ Count is the number of seeds counted by seed sensors 276, Distance₋₋ Traveled is the product of ground speed (sensed by wheel speed sensor 302) and time, and Row₋₋ Width is the width between row units 14. Seed spacing, displayed in response to actuations of switch 504, is defined as the spacing (cm or in) between seeds:

    Seed.sub.-- Spacing=Distance.sub.-- Traveled/Seed.sub.-- Sensor.sub.-- Count

Seed meter performance is defined as the actual seed delivery rate divided by a theoretical or target rate:

    Seed.sub.-- Meter.sub.-- Perf=(Seed.sub.-- Rate/Target.sub.-- Seed.sub.-- Rate)*100

wherein Target₋₋ Seed₋₋ Rate is the target seed rate based upon either a feedback speed signal from meter 32 (e.g., 5 sec average) and the arrangement of the seed drum, or upon the commanded seed planting rate. Percent singles metered is defined as the count from seed sensors 276 of metered seeds passing through seed tube 30 one at a time divided by the total number of seeds over an interval:

    %.sub.-- Singles.sub.-- Metered=Counted.sub.-- Singles/(Target.sub.-- Seed.sub.-- Rate*Distance.sub.-- Traveled*Row.sub.-- Width)

Accumulated meter performance is defined as an operator-resettable running average of the seed meter performance:

    Accumulated.sub.-- Meter.sub.-- Perf.sub.n =(Accumulated.sub.-- Meter.sub.-- Perf.sub.n-1 *(n-1)+Seed.sub.-- Meter.sub.-- Perf)/n

The seed planting rate for n row units 14 of each section 300, averaged over one second and five seconds, respectively, are as follows:

    Value=(ΣSeed.sub.-- Rate.sub.n)/n

    Section.sub.-- Average.sub.n =(Value.sub.n-4 +Value.sub.n-3 +Value.sub.n-2 +Value.sub.n-1 +Value.sub.n)/n

The five-second section average ("Section₋₋ Average") is used for display (e.g., used for section average rate 510), except that the current seed rate value ("Value") is used for the accumulated meter performance.

Bar graph 524 includes bars (e.g., bars 1-7 in FIG. 11a; bars 1-8 in FIGS. 11b and 11c) showing the planting performance for row units 14 of each section 300 of the 12/23 Cyclo Planter. Five ranges along the vertical axis represent 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% and 105% of a target seed delivery rate, with 100% of the target rate marked by a horizontal line 526. The target rate, set manually or automatically based upon the implement position and a prescription map, may differ for each section 300 during variable-rate application. For example, the target rate is 30,000 s/acre for the left and right sections (FIGS. 11a and 11c), and 28,500 s/acre for the center section (FIG. 11b). Actual delivery rates for row units 14 are shown by the bars on graph 524. Row unit 1 of the left section, for example, has applied seed at an actual rate of 31,500 s/acre. Displaying the actual rate based upon the target rate normalizes the actual seed delivery rate. Thus, bar graph 524 is an easily understood performance monitor for each section and row unit of implement 10 since deviations in rates are represented by differences between horizontal line 526 and the actual rate markers. An operator noticing large deviations between actual and target seed rates can re-adjust or repair implement 10.

Other application parameters calculated by control system 100, and displayed on CDU 140, include the total area (hectares or acres) the system has monitored during its lifetime, the total area monitored during the season, and the total area monitored in the field. The lifetime area counter is non-resettable, while the season area and field area counters are resettable by the operator. The implement performance is monitored during application of seed, and is enabled when the implement status switch 304 indicates that implement 10 is down and the ground speed exceeds a predetermined value (e.g., 0.22 meter/sec).

While the embodiments illustrated in the FIGURES and described above are presently preferred, it should be understood that these embodiments are offered by way of example only. The control system disclosed herein may be modified for use on other planters, conventional or air drills, other planting implements and material spreaders having variable-rate control, and other electronically-controlled application implements. The invention is not intended to be limited to any particular embodiment, but is intended to extend to modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A material distribution system for selectively applying material to the soil of an agricultural field, the system comprising:a tractor including an operator's station; an agricultural implement configured to be moved across the field by the tractor, the implement including a plurality of row units for applying material to a plurality of rows in the field; a metering device for metering the material, the device including a plurality of material channels, each material channel having an exit through which an amount of metered material passes before being applied to one of the rows in the field by a corresponding one of the row units; a plurality of electronic sensors, each coupled to one of the material channels and configured to generate a material signal representing the amount of material which moves through the one material channel; an electronic display supported by the tractor at the operator's station and configured to generate images in response to display signals; and a digital processing circuit coupled to the sensors and the display, the processing circuit configured to monitor the material signal from each sensor, determine an actual material application rate for each of the rows based upon the amount of material moved through the corresponding material channel and the distance traveled by the implement while the corresponding material signal was monitored, and apply a display signal to the display to generate an image on the display representative of the actual material application rate for each of the rows; wherein the image also illustrates a relationship between the actual material application rate and a target material application rate for each of the rows.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the implement is a planting implement, the material is seed and the amount of material is a number of seeds planted in the soil.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein each material channel is defined by a seed tube through which the metered seed to be applied to one of the rows in the field is delivered from the metering device toward the soil.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein each sensor includes an optical sensor which changes the material signal in response to passage of a seed through the corresponding seed tube.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit further calculates an average of the actual material application rates for the rows, and the image further shows the average.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image includes a bar graph having a plurality of bars, each bar representing the actual material application rate for one of the rows normalized by the target material application rate.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the actual material application rate for each of the rows is represented by an actual rate marker on one of the bars, and the target material application rate is represented by a line passing through the plurality of bars.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the implement includes a plurality of sections for applying material, each section having a number of the row units, and the display signal causes the display to show the actual material application rate for the row units of each section sequentially.
 9. A performance monitor system for a seed planting arrangement including an operator station such as a cab, a seed delivery apparatus having a target seed delivery rate controlled by at least one control signal, and a plurality of seed channels, each seed channel having an exit through which a number of seeds move toward a plurality of rows in a field in which the seeds are planted, the system comprising:a plurality of electronic seed sensors, each coupled to one of the seed channels to generate a seed signal representing the number of seeds moving through the one seed channel; a display supported at the operator station for generating images in response to display signals; and a digital processing circuit coupled to the sensors and display, the processing circuit configured to monitor the seed signal from each of the sensors, determine an actual seed delivery rate for each of the rows based upon the number of seeds moved through the corresponding seed channel and the distance traveled while the corresponding seed signal was monitored, and apply a display signal to the display to generate an image on the display representative of the actual seed delivery rate for each of the rows; wherein the image also illustrates a relationship between the actual seed delivery rate and a target seed delivery rate for each of the rows.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing circuit generates and applies the control signal to the seed delivery apparatus to control the target delivery rate, and applies the display signal to the display such that the image also represents the target delivery rate.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein each seed channel is defined by a tube through which the seeds to be applied to one of the rows in the field are delivered from the seed delivery apparatus toward the soil.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein each seed sensor includes an optical sensor which changes the seed signal in response to the passage of a seed through the corresponding tube.
 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the image includes a bar graph having a plurality of bars, each bar showing the relationship between the actual seed delivery rate and the target seed delivery rate for one of the rows, the actual seed delivery rate for each of the rows represented by an actual rate marker on one of the bars, and the target seed delivery rate represented by a line passing through the plurality of bars.
 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the image includes a bar graph, and the bar graph represents the actual seed delivery rate normalized by the target seed delivery rate.
 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the seed planting arrangement includes a tractor, the seed delivery apparatus is moved by the tractor, and the operator station is supported on the tractor.
 16. The system of claim, 9, wherein the processing circuit further calculates an average of the actual seed delivery rate for the rows, and the image further shows the average.
 17. A performance monitor system for a planting implement moved by an agricultural vehicle having an operator station such as a cab, the implement including a plurality of sections, each section including a seed delivery apparatus with a target seed delivery rate controlled by a control signal and a plurality of seed channels, each seed channel for delivering a number of seeds to one of a plurality of row units configured to plant the seeds in one of a plurality of rows of an agricultural field, the system comprising:a plurality of electronic seed sensors, each coupled to one of the seed channels of each section, each sensor configured to generate a seed signal representative of the number of seeds moving through the coupled seed channel; an electronic display supported at the operator station and configured to generate images in response to display signals; and a digital processing circuit coupled to each seed sensor of each section and the display, the processing circuit configured to monitor the seed signal from each seed sensor, determine an actual seed delivery rate for each of the rows based upon the number of seeds moved through the corresponding seed channel and the distance traveled while the corresponding seed signal was monitored, and apply a display signal to the display to generate an image on the display for each section representing the actual seed delivery rate through the plurality of seed channels of the respective section; wherein the image also illustrates a relationship between the actual seed delivery rate and a target seed delivery rate for each of the rows in each section.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the display signal causes the display to show the image for each section sequentially.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the display signal is applied to the display such that the actual seed delivery rate for each row unit in each section is displayed during the display of the respective section.
 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing circuit generates and applies the control signal to the seed delivery system of each section to independently control the target seed delivery rate of each section.
 21. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing circuit further calculates an average of the actual seed delivery rate for the rows in each section, and the image further shows the average for each section.
 22. The system of claim 17, wherein the target delivery rate for the row units of each section is independent of the target delivery rate for each other section.
 23. The system of claim 17, wherein each section includes one row unit and the target delivery rate for each row unit is independently controllable.
 24. A method of monitoring the performance of a planting implement from an operator station of a tractor coupled to the implement, the implement including a seed delivery system having a target seed delivery rate controlled by at least one control signal, and a plurality of seed channels, each seed channel having an exit through which a number of seeds move toward a plurality of rows of an agricultural field in which the seeds are planted, comprising the steps of:applying the at least one control signal to the seed delivery system to control the target seed delivery rate; sensing the number of seeds moving through the plurality of seed channels and generating a plurality of signals representative thereof; monitoring the plurality of sensed seed signals to determine an actual seed delivery rate for each of the rows based upon the number of seeds moved and the distance the implement traveled while the seeds were delivered to the agricultural field; generating a display signal representative of the actual seed delivery rate for each of the rows; and applying the display signal to a display located at the operator station to generate an image on the display representative of the actual seed delivery rate for each of the rows, and illustrative of a relationship between the actual seed delivery rate and a target seed delivery rate for each of the rows.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the display signal is applied to the display such that the image also represents the target seed delivery rate. 